Ongoing tips, hints, a blog: Tue Jun 01 11:45:16 2010 ---------------------------- Computer freezes on halt/shutdown/ctrl-alt-del ??? This happens on some computers due to the kernel defaulting to 'reboot=kbd' and to fix this: Using Grub add: kernel= reboot=bios Using LILO add: append= reboot=bios - Q. How to add and remove users, etc. USERS/GROUPS/PASSWORDS. A. Click [Start]+[System]+[User Manager (KUser)]. or 'adduser' in an xterm. Internationalization, Globalization, Multilingual Localization, Translation, i18n, Unicode, UTF-8 ... IDN Help. 1. By default aLinux on X-Windows / KDE can view most common and not so common Unicode, UTF-8, ISO-10646 font/glyph locales in applications such as Konqueror / Firefox Seamonkey / GVim, Kedit, Konsole, etc ... in the following formats: Afrikaans, Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bulgarian, Breton, Catalan, German, Greek, British English, Spanish, Finnish, French, Hebrew, Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian, Simplified Chinese & Traditional Chinese. 2a. To actually type in your localization characters and have KDE run in your locale, you'll need to simply install an add-on locale, which are available here: http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/peanut/current/pkgs/RPMS/KDE/i18n/ 2b. Open K (Control Center), pick your newly added locale. 2c. If you require some other locale that's supported here: http://l10n.kde.org/stats/gui/stable/index.php - please grab a spec file from aLinux SRPMS i18n and build it - or contact me alinux@alinux.org and have me build it for you / and or I'll add it to the KDE i18n KDE directory. http://l10n.kde.org/stats/gui/stable/index.php 3. Terminals: Konsole has full Unicode support. The others don't. MC midnight commander has no Unicode support but still works super for plain ASCII until aLinux maintains a patch for it. Ncurses are still ASCII - no wide chars but that's mostly command line console apps which will gradually change. For now you can run 'unicode_start' and 'kbdconfig' to get some primitive Unicode for the console. Please see /etc/environment and /etc/profile for more NLS tips. 4. By default in X11 / KDE you need to do nothing in aLinux to view Unicoded chars. Most everything is encoded on the fly with the regular install. Here's a small Multilingual browser/editor test. (Does your browser display this correctly, if not, get yourself the future, aLinux 12.7x! :) UTF-8 is slower decoding with QT. Nederlands (Dutch) meertalig, veeltalig Français (French) multilingue, polyglotte Deutsch (German) adj. - mehrsprachig Ελληνική (Greek) adj. πολύγλωσσος Italiano (Italian) multilingue, poliglotta Português (Portuguese) adj. - multilingual Русский (Russian) многоязычный Español (Spanish) adj. - plurilingüe, políglota Svenska (Swedish) adj. - flerspråkig 中国话 (Simplified Chinese) adj. - 使用多种语言的 中國話 (Traditional Chinese) adj. - 使用多種語言的 日本語 (Japanese) adj. - 多種の言語を話す, 多種の言語の n. - 多言語使用者 العربيه (Arabic) ‏(صفه) متعدد اللغات‏ עברית Hebrew)‬) adj. - ‮רב-לשוני - משתמש בשפות שונות לצרכים שונים‬ _______________________________________________________________________________ Q. Help, when I browse my favorite multimedia websites, KMPlayer seems to start loading audio and/or video but then stops with no sound and/or video. A. KMPlayer by default uses XINE multimedia plug-in library to decode/encode video and audio streams. A1. If it seems fail support of particular websites full of multimedia audio and/or video or both audio/video, you have 2 more simple choices of using MPlayer or GStreamer plug-ins in which MPLayer is foremost best and should always be tried secondly when XINE fails. A2. Where it fails to play within the konqueror browser KMPlayer window, hover your mouse over the pulldown (arrow) icon and chose [Play with] MPlayer or GStreamer. That's it, excellent support options that extend your media entertainment when XINE might not always be most suitable. Q. DVDNAV or Digital Versatile Disc (Navigation). Finally supported in 12.7x. A1. Click [Start]+[Multimedia]+[Media Player (KMPlayer)] which is the aLinux number 1 audio and video player suitable for just about anything and everything your heart desires for Entertainment video and audio playback/recording, etc. A2. Now click (source) followed by (DVD) -> (DVD Navigator) -> (start) for navigation menus, etc ... Q. Why not use Kaffeine/amaroK or some other media player by default? A. We prefer KMPlayer because of it's extended superb, wide digital codec support. You can however install other player's if you prefer them. Some are already available from the aLinux 'contribs' repository. Just enable the 'contribs' unsupported repo. in Synaptic Package Management to install them. _______________________________________________________________________________ Q. Help, when I enter certain websites it says my platform Linux and/or web browser is incompatible. Happens on certain multimedia rich websites as well, oh, and on-line banking etc ... Some websites might also say you require Windows XX and/or Internet Explorer, etc ... A. This is where it gets to be fun - Almost all of these ERROR type messages can be relieved by clicking your mouse within Konqueror toolbar, then choosing (Tools) -> (Change Browser Identification) then choose Win XX / IE for the backwards compatibility, I guess. Silly yes, but it works almost everytime. _______________________________________________________________________________ Q. Help, I only see the installed packages with Synaptic Package Manager. A. Open Synaptic preference settings and enable the 'contribs' repository for all our 'not installed packages' including Open Office 2.x - MythTV, etc. Note: The repository containing 'contribs' meaning 'contributed' packages are unsupported by aLinux. Being fore-told, many might not work. _______________________________________________________________________________ Q. KMid - How do I play Midi *.mid and Karaoke *.kar sound files. ALSA supported. A. If you have an on-board sound card device. Edit /etc/rc.d/rc.local; uncomment "fluidsynth". Doesn't work with all sound chips, maybe 95%. OSS unsupported. If you have an add-on soundcard device. Edit /etc/rc.local; uncomment "sfxload". Doesn't work with all sound chips, maybe 95%. Q. Paltalk Express http://express.paltalk.com/ for Linux works but can I run the real Paltalk program? A: Yes but its going to crash once in a while .. I recommend Express but if you must ..install "MSN Messenger 7" then Paltalk room lists work fine, sound and so-on ..but it will crash here and there .. you been told :) - Both, 'sfxload' and 'fluidsynth' use .SF2. You can play around with others for even better playback depending on sound chip: Check here: http://www.sf2-files.com/ Soundcard vendors rarely include MIDI chips for Synth. sound. What the above does, loads a ROM to supported sound chip for use with KMid. Note, using XMMS will play any MIDI file w/o you having to load an emulated SF2 ROM since it uses the Timidity backend which works 100% with every sound device. _______________________________________________________________________________ - Tip: Did you know if a window goes beyond the screen borders and when you think you have no control over it, you can hold down the Left or Right 'Ctrl' key while pressing the Left mouse button to move it into a position to utilize it?, e.g. close or use acquire it's options. This often happens at lower resolution: 640x480-768x1024 - Users having resolution with a supported video and monitor setup of 1600x1200 should never experience this rather nuisance. - Tip: Do you not need any daemon/servers etc ... or want to make sure your computer runs at it's fastest pace and be very secure? Logout of KDE: type: init 1; which will now enter runlevel 1 shutting down all MEMORY/CPU intense services aLinux runs by default. Note: you might need to restart your 1. Internet Connection and 2. (XFS) X Font Server; after you enter runlevel 1. Internet I'll leave up to you since I do not know if your using Dial-up, DSL, Cable, ISDN or Wireless but to restart the XFS just type 'xfs &' then 'startx'. You can also turn off ALL or tune daemon/services through: 1. /etc/inetd.conf 2. /etc/services 3. /etc/rc.d/rc.M 4. /etc/rc.S To have your computer boot really fast & have all services turned off rite away... edit /etc/inittab; change the runlevel from '3' to '1'. This will allow you to keep all settings at default but run securely and free many resources like cpu and memory for fast multimedia DVD playback etc.. Whenever you want all the services turned back on, edit /etc/inittab and change the runlevel back to '3'. Tip: Command 'ps' in an xterm or from command line will show all services that are currently running. Another good command is 'top'. These are ugly command line programs but useful none the less. Try both some time. To exit 'top' just press the 'q' key. - Tip: Q: I need to modify something on the KDE kicker/taskbar section, for say moving icons into some other position or adding transparent effects: Proper way is to open KDE's Control Center located on your Start Menu but there are many built in KDE shortcuts to get things done quicker to save you time. One way I'll demonstrate below: A: Right click the kicker taskbar when it is not full of dockable applications to enable 'applet handles'. i.e. Configure Panel -> Appearance -> Advanced Options -> Applet Handles Visible. Now you can move icons around etc. Note: While there in 'applet handles' section, you can make the kicker/taskbar transparent and/or translucent but make sure to change the default tint to dark color - around 90% for the start button to show nicely. You can also while there change the kicker/taskbar background image to something else. There are many images already there for you to chose from or make your own favorite using The Gimp! or KOffice Krita. Q: I want to turn off or make the Start Menu less or more translucent or fully transparent. A: Control Center -> Appearance & Themes - section Style -> Effects, you can modify this. Note: There is no way to add color to the Start Menu unless you want everything colorized including combo boxes, drops, etc ... This can be achieved under same section, 'Colors' -> Window Background or by choosing another Color Scheme already there. If you like the transparent/ translucent effect, you might also while there in Control Center, click 'Window Decorations' -> Crystal for nice trans effects plus round top and bottom corners. Note: Translucency requires more CPU to render, so turning on all these options will slow the computer response time slightly. - Q: When my X-session hangs, crashes or just sits there doing nothing, I don't want to be forced to hit the 'reboot' or 'reset' button(s). A: OK, fast way to get to the console safely - hit 'Ctrl+Alt+Backspace' to kill a hanging X-session or another way would be using 'Ctrl+Alt+F1 or F2' to get to the console then 'Ctrl+C' kills certain processes which becomes useful in an unstable situation. (If that don't work cause say the computer has hard locked, you can try using "Alt+PrintScreen+" in this order "S,U,M,B" which S = Syncs all partitions on disk, U = Umounts all file systems safely, M = remounts / root filesystem read only, B = finally reboots the computer safely, saving hard disk corruption. These are part of the SysRq kernel parameters which are useful at times. Q. More coming soon. Do you have some useful insider tips for new and advanced users? If you would like to see your tips and hints here, please eMail them to alinux@alinux.org - Thank you. =============================================================================== [Everything listed below this line may be outdated and obsolete now] >>>NOTE: Most of this file is irrelevant to aLinux.org now<<< Just run 'Control Center' in KDE or 'setup' if at the console, otherwise, have fun searching lol. Peanut-Linux Version v9.6 (To search this file for 'keyword(s)' type 'mc' and [F7] to search). For a complete list of LINUX HOWTO's please SEE: http://www.ibiblio.org/HOWTO. This is a version of 'Linux' that can be dropped into any DOS system, e.g. Ms-DOS, PC-DOS, Dr-DOS, win95-98-XP in DOS mode. Or can be dropped into a XFS, EXT2, EXT3, XFS, JFS, ReiserFS, Reiser4, MINIX, etc .. Partition. Peanut-Linux is a capable XFS, EXT2, EXT3, ReiserFS, Reiser4 fs distro. Peanut-Linux is a 100% Kernel 2.6.6, Libc6 Glibc 3.3.4 system. This Peanut-Linux hint DOC gives a overview of the system and configurating your hardware with it. (It's not entirely up-to-date-with-the-latest peanut release). =============================================================================== LOCALE i18n UTF-8 support example(s). See?. /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/fs/nls/* 1. Download and install from RPMS http://www.ibiblio.org/peanut/download.htm GCC-peanut-3.3.3-9.6.tar.bz2 - Contains locale support for peanut. Uneeded. console-tools-0.3.3-1.i386.rpm - Contain locale console fonts. Uneeded if 12.7x glibc-devel*.rpm - Locale support for aLinux 12.7x - Needed. 2. To make sure XFree86-Windows matches the console locales, please see: /usr/share/locale/locale.alias; /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/*; /usr/share/i18n/*/ Examples require glibc-devel*.rpm: ------------------ New supported. [Japanese - Japan] Run as root: 1. # localedef -f UTF-8 -i ja_JP ja_JP.utf8 which creates the new database "/usr/share/locale/locale-archive" info. 2. Change Change: /etc/profile; "en_US.UTF-8" to "ja_JP.UTF-8" 3. unicode_start 4. kbdconfig 5. unicode_stop then unicode_start 5. date (checks to see if locale is working) ------------------ Old unsupported. [Portuguese - Brazil] pt_BR.ISO-8859-1 Run as root: 1. # localedef -i pt_BR -f ISO-8859-1 pt_BR which creates locale database in "/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/" directory info. 2. Change: /etc/profile; "POSIX" to "pt_BR" 3. # date (checks to see if locale is working) 4. Add to: /etc/rc.d/rc.local: consolechars -f lat1u-16.psf.gz modprobe nls_cp862 # modprobe nls_iso8859-1 #(already built into the runing kernel) modprobe nls_utf8 ------------------ [Hebrew - Israel] he_IL.ISO-8859-8 Run as root: 1. # localedef -i he_IL -f ISO-8859-8 he which creates locale database in "/usr/share/locale/he/" directory info. 2. Change: /etc/profile; "POSIX" to "he" 3. # date (checks to see if locale is working) 4. Add to: /etc/rc.d/rc.local: consolechars -f iso08.f16 -m iso08 modprobe nls_cp862 modprobe nls_iso8859-8 modprobe nls_utf8 ------------------ Tip: Open Xterminals with: xterm -bg black -fg grey -sl 30000 -fn heb6x13 =============================================================================== Turning off Services/Daemons example(s): [Lines near or closer too]. 1. Xitami Ftp/Http daemon: Edit /etc/rc.d/rc.M, comment out line 298 #/home/xitami -s &>/dev/null 2. MySQL daemon: # mv /etc/init.d/rc.mysqld /etc/init.d/rc.mysqld.bak 3. RPC Port Mapper: Edit /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2, comment out line 52 # /sbin/rpc.portmap All other service(s): 4. inetd, syslogd, klogd, cupds, crond, atd, sendmail, slpd, xfs, apmd, mysqld, fam, etc ... See and comment them out in, /etc/inetd.conf, /etc/services and /etc/rc.d/rc.M; /etc/rc.d/rc.S; /etc/rc.d/rc.*; /etc/* ................lol =============================================================================== =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= X-Windows & XDM's Graphical Login. If you don't like the command prompt, you can Login into X or E's WM bypassing the ugly text mode boot(console login). Just edit "/etc/inittab" you'll see a line near the top like this below: # Default run level. id:3:initdefault: Change it to this: id:4:initdefault: That's it or type 'xdm', just make sure you've already configured your mouse and X-Windows prior to this, if not run 'setup', for xVideo setup and mouse setup since peanut defaults to USB type mouse. You'll want to change this if you have MS, Serial, PS2 - wheel or other mouse type. /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc; changes the default from Enlightenment to any other Window Manager you wish to use. It's best to use XDM since it has every thing already set. You can copy /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc; to $HOME/.xinitrc; if you like. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= =============================================================================== Peanut Linux v9.6 is approx 375 Mb compressed and less then 999 Mb installed. =============================================================================== Peanut-Linux home site ... http://alinux.org About /dev/xxxx and what they mean for former Windows Users & Alike's. +==================================================+ |(hd(a)= Device 1) Usually your C:\ Hard Disk | |(hd(b)= Device 2) Usually the CD-ROM Drive or is | |the next seperate Hard Disk. | |(hda(1)= Device 1)and is the very first Partition | |on the very first Hard Disk. e.g C:\ | |(hda(3)= Device 1)and is the third Partition on | |the very first Hard Disk. e.g E:\ | |(hdb(1)= Device 2)and is the first Partition on | |on the second Hard Disk.(Or might be CD-ROM drive)| |(hdb(2)= Device 2)and is the second Partition on | |the second seperate Hard Disk.(Or might be CD-ROM)| +==================================================+ =============================================================================== The complete system... peanut.iso - peanut.clp vmlinuz The kernel has math-coprocessor support for CPU'S 486SX and above, that don't have a built in coprocessor. You need at least a 486 CPU to run Peanut Linux. =============================================================================== [GCC Compiler] Peanut has a really high end compiling suite already pre-made on the web-site or in the /RPMS; dir on the CD-ROM. Quality passed: GCC-peanut-3.3.3-9.6.tar.bz2 Requires: Peanut-Linux 9.6 revision 0.0, Please see: /etc/PEANUT; for version. GCC*.bz2m (80+ Mb) - code name 'peanut Graphic + TEXT compiler Suite' is a C & C++ Graphic + TEXT compiler Suite. Has everything you need for compiling Kernels and just about anything console(TEXT based) PLUS (G)raphic (U)ser (I)nterfaced source code. Please SEE: http://www.ibiblio.org/peanut/READ.TXT for the internal structure of GCC*.bz2 (80+ Mb) and installation. _______________________________________________________________________________ TIPS: If you should have any problems with source, use automake-1.4 and autoconf-2.13. If you have problems with the Xft2 linking or headers, run in an xterm 'xft1'. To switch back when compiling KDE 4.x or Mozilla 2.x, etc .. run 'xft2' in an xterm. If your source requires MICO CORBA, etc .... you'll need to download those "shared & devel" libraries separately from the Devel & Lib's directory above along with GCC-peanut-3.3.3-9.6.tar.bz2 (80+ Mb) but you probably won't ever need anythung if you stick with GTK2 - Gnome 2.6.0 source. Most basic shared libraries peanut contains e.g: libpng, libreadline, etc..If the software code you're compiling complains about say, 'Xaw3d' NOT FOUND, you'll need the 'Xaw3d-1.5*' from the /RPMS's directory above. Same goes for anything else. If you don't find the librarys needed in the peanut RPMS directory, I really recommend compiling the library yourself to prevent any ERRORS that can rise from using another distributions libs. and devel pkgs. Keep your peanut linux clean!. =============================================================================== You need to have at least 64mb of ram = memory to run Peanut-Linux. If you have less than 64mb of ram you should create a swap file, even if you have more than 64 it's not bad idea to create at least a 32mb swap file. The swap file will be used in place of ram when needed: /mnt/swap/swap.txt For example if you have 32mb of ram and you create a 32mb swap file, it will be as if you had 64mb of ram, etc.. =============================================================================== Some common Console commands in Peanut-Linux for DOS/WIN9x Users. # xf4config <- setup X-Windows, xf86cfg <-Alternative to XF86Setup, startx ls, l, dir, d, mc, top, format, fdformat, cd /, cd .., mkdir, md, df, du, free, mem, copy, cp, mv, ping, rm, telnet, ftp, mount, umount, cdset, dhcpcd, e2fsck, dosfsck, fdisk, halt, shutdown, CTRL+ALT+DEL, pnpdump, isapnp, mkdosfs, mke2fs, liloconfig <- for BOOT, pppsetup <- for ppp dialup, netconfig <- for cable modems etc, find, finger, gpm <- for mouse, irc, links, minicom, passwd, password, play, w, whoami, adduser, deluser, ppp-off, pppd, pppstats. All commands are in the /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, directory's. You'll know by there color GREEN* means executable). The /etc/rc.d/ directory is equivelant to MS-DOS C:\autoexec.bat & Config.sys in an MS-DOS or Windows-9x type Operating System. =============================================================================== SEE: /mnt/swap/swap.txt; it's an executable/readable script for automatic SWAP To create an 64 megabyte swap file for example manually, do this. # dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swap/swap.img bs=1k count=64kB # mkswap /mnt/swap/swap.img # swapon /mnt/swap/swap.img Now on each boot, you'll have virtual memory ;O) To use a swap Partition 'swapon /dev/hdxx' where xx is where you swap Partition is. =============================================================================== Printer - Printing Full printer list here: http://www.linuxprinting.org/printer_list.cgi Cut and paste one to /usr/share/cups/model/* if needed then run http://localhost:630; to set it up. Your done!. Some printers require "t1utils-*.rpm", mpage is already installed. =============================================================================== This is a brief list of hardware that Peanut-Linux supports, either in the kernel or as module. 1. ISA, EISA, PCI, motherboards... 2. IDE hard drives and IDE/ATAPI cdrom drives... 3. SCSI hard drives and cdrom drives... 4. MCA (M)icro (C)hannel Bus Support... 5. PS/2 ESDI hard drives Support... 6. Non Atapi/Scsi cdrom drive support... 7. Standard + LS-120 floppy drives... 8. Parallel port printers... 9. Serial, BUS, & PS/2 mice... 10. USB Devices 11. PNP support... 12. FULL PCMCIA support v3.2.0 13. FULL SUPPORT FOR ETHERNET cards and dhcpd server for Automatic configuration upon bootup of Ethernet Cards attached to Cable modems that configure via dhcpcd or or maybe BOOTP if ISP supports it. 14. 2.6.6 Kernel supports all major Soundcards and Joysticks that Kernel 2.6.6 currently can including all the OSS & ALSA drivers. The sound drivers are located in /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/sound/ directory, and can be loaded initialized from /etc/rc.d/rc.modules <--edit for similar info below. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= # Please checkout the 'sound' section at the Peanut website for configs. # /etc/rc.d/rc.modules: NEW Soundcard initialization: run 'sndconfig'. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ### Sound support L@@K here for more modules: /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/sound/ # # If you dont know the settings of your PnP soundcard(s), type at command line: # "pnpdump -c > /etc/isapnp.conf" Goto /etc/isapnp.conf and look for your # soundcards IO, DMA, IRQ settings than type at: "isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf" # # For Soundblaster Pro Compatible soundcards change the IO, IRQ, DMA for your # card below or load the exact /2.6.6/kernel/sound module for your soundcard # and remove the '#' from the examples below. # (1.) Sound Blaster Pro/16 ISA with or wthout PnP support: # /sbin/modprobe sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=3 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x300 # (2.) MAD16 support: # /sbin/modprobe mad16 io=0x530 irq=7 dma=0 dma16=1 # (3.) AD1816(A) sound driver: # /sbin/modprobe ad1816 io=0x530 irq=5 dma=1 dma2=3 ad1816_clockfreq=33000 # (4.) ES1370 support, such as Sound Blaster 128 PCI: # /sbin/modprobe es1370 # (5.) Pro Audio Spectrum or Soundman 16 or Media Vision Pro Audio 16: # /sbin/modprobe pas2 io=0x388 irq=7 dma=1 dma16=10 # (6.) Sound Blaster Live! MP3+, Value PCI card(s): /sbin/modprobe emu10k1 # (7.) Aureal Vortex A3D ALSA Sound drivers - Not included but: # /sbin/modprobe snd-au8810 # # /sbin/modprobe snd-au8820 # # /sbin/modprobe snd-au8830 # # (8.) ESS Maestro driver: # /sbin/modprobe maestro # (9.) Crystal CS4232, CS4236, CS4236B # /sbin/modprobe cs4232 dma=1 dma2=0 irq=5 io=0x530 # (10.) Gravis Ultrasound driver: # /sbin/modprobe gus io=0x240 irq=11 dma=3 gus16=1 no_wave_dma # (11.) Empty ... # (For information on configuring other sound cards with Linux, see the # documentation in the kernel source at the peanut-linux website. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= There's Firewall & IP masquerading support in the kernel. There's also Token Ring and full USB support in the kernel for mice, keyboard, printers, etc. IP masquerading modules are in: /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/net/ipv4/; /ipv6; directory. If you have a CABLE modem there's a module that supports your Ethernet card in the /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/drivers/net/ directory. To load it, see below: If you want to use the DHCP server 'dhcpcd' you can do this after: i.e. # modprobe 3c509 . The /dev/modem link is set to /dev/ttyS1 = com2, the /dev/mouse link is set to /dev/psaux = ps2, these can be changed. For example if you have a serial mouse type this after you login as 'root' (User name is root): # ln -sf /dev/ttyS0 /dev/mouse Goto /etc/rc.d/rc.M <-- edit and change the line you'll see '-t ps2' to: '-t ms'> ttyS0 = com1 ttyS1 = com2 ttyS2 = com3 ttyS3 = com4 Gpm is a mouse driver, it allows you to cut and paste with a mouse in a console or editor. # man gpm To see if your getting any output from the mouse start gpm. ~# gpm -t help # gpm -t ms # gpm -t ps2 -m /dev/pasux # gpm -k A lot of programs that use the modem and mouse look for /dev/modem and /dev/mouse, so run comset to create these links or create them by hand. ~# comset Comset will also create a /etc/rc.d/rc.serial file to configure your modem at boot time by setserial. If you have a PNP modem you may need to use pnpdump and isapnp to get it setup. # pnpdump -c > /etc/isapnp.conf # isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf Read the ISAPNP manual pages: # man isapnp =============================================================================== USB Mouse and devices: Look in /lib/modules/2.6.6/kernel/drivers/usb Run "setup" and chose "COMSET" and chose [Logitech compatible USB]. For USB (Universal Serial Bus) MICE: # modprobe hid # modprobe mousedev # modprobe usb-uhci usb-ohci To have the USB drivers loaded upon each boot, edit "/etc/rc.d/rc.modules" and remove the two comments e.g. "#"; near the bottom of the page. To have your USB mouse work in console, use the gpm driver, e.g. edit "/etc/rc.d/rc.M" and add "/usr/bin/gpm -t imps2 -m /dev/input/mice" to line 278 or for ps2 /dev/mouse as long as it's symbolic link to psaux. For USB Wheel mice add something like this to "/etc/X11/XF86Config-4" : Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Mouse0" Driver "mouse" Option "Protocol" "IMPS/2" Option "Device" "/dev/mouse" Option "Emulate3Buttons" Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" EndSection For wheel to work in Netscape add to your ~./Xdefaults: Netscape*drawingArea.translations: #replace \ : ArmLink() \n\ : ArmLink() \n\ ~Shift: ActivateLink() \n\ ~Shift: ActivateLink(new-window) \ DisarmLink() \n\ Shift: ActivateLink(save-only) \ DisarmLink() \n\ Shift: ActivateLink(save-only) \ DisarmLink() \n\ : DisarmLinkIfMoved() \n\ : DisarmLinkIfMoved() \n\ : DisarmLinkIfMoved() \n\ : DescribeLink() \n\ : xfeDoPopup() \n\ : ActivatePopup() \n\ Ctrl: PageUp()\n\ Ctrl: PageDown()\n\ Shift: LineUp()\n\ Shift: LineDown()\n\ None: LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()\n\ None: LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()\n\ Alt: xfeDoCommand(forward)\n\ Alt: xfeDoCommand(back)\n Netscape*globalNonTextTranslations: #override\n\ Shift: LineUp()\n\ Shift: LineDown()\n\ None:LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()LineUp()\n\ None:LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()LineDown()\n\ Alt: xfeDoCommand(forward)\n\ Alt: xfeDoCommand(back)\n =============================================================================== If you have a PCMCIA modem or any PCMCIA device it should be detected during bootup from /ect/rc.d/rc.pcmcia. First remove the three '#'s below in: /etc/rc.d/rc.S file, then maybe look in /etc/pcmcia, make some changes to any of the "*.opts" (options) files, then reboot. ---Start of /etc/rc.d/rc.S----------------------------- #if [ -x /etc/rc.d/rc.pcmcia ]; then # . /etc/rc.d/rc.pcmcia start #fi --------- End of-/etc/rc.d/rc.S------------------------ Run 'NETWORK' from your 'peanut setup' for PCMCIA net connecting lastly. =============================================================================== Ctrl-K = Cut. Ctrl-U = Paste or [SHIFT+DEL] to cut and [SHIFT+INS] to paste and in an Xterminal you hold [SHIFT while dragging the mouse over text] to cut then sometimes use [CTRL]+[F5]+[ENTER] to paste. ~# mcedit You can also cut & paste in 'mc' using these keys... [Shift]-[Down]-arrow-key to highlight text. [Shift]-[Delete] to cut highlighted text. [Shift]-[Insert] to paste. These are the file systems Peanut-Linux kernel supports in the itself!. 1. ext2 2. msdos 3. vfat 4. iso9660 5. devpts 6. minix 7. nfs 8. WinNT 9. reiserfs 10. Ext3 jfs 11. ntfs 12. rootfs 13. proc 14. socksfs 15. tmpfs 16. pipefs 17. ramfs 18. romfs 19. xfs 20. usbdevfs 21: reiser4 These are some file systems Peanut-Linux supports through modules. 21. freevxfs 22. jffs 23. jffs2 24. Tons more: To start the 'nfs' server do this. # rpc.portmap Mount nfs_server directory under /mnt/nfs directory. # mount -t nfs nfs_server:/fooboo /mnt/nfs The link /dev/cdrom is set to device /dev/hdb, if your cdrom drive is detected on another device at bootup time e.g. hdc, hdd, scd0, etc. you can run 'cdset' to change the link. ~# cdset Or manually type: # ln -sf /dev/hdd /dev/cdrom Do this to mount your cdrom drive... ~# mount /mnt/cdrom # cd /mnt/cdrom /mnt/cdrom# ls # cd /root ~# umount /mnt/cdrom # eject Do this to mount a 1.44 formatted floppy in drive a. ~# mount /dev/fd0u1440 /mnt/floppy # mount /mnt/floppy # cd /mnt/floppy /mnt/floppy# ls # cp file /root # cp /root/file /dev/fd0u1440 # cd /root ~# umount /mnt/floppy Do this to format a floppy. ~# fdformat /dev/fd0u1440 # fdformat /dev/fd0u1722 Fdformat just formats a floppy, it doesn't put a file system on it. To put a DOS fat file system on a 1.44 floppy disk in drive a. ~# mkdosfs -v /dev/fd0u1440 # mkdosfs -v -F32 /dev/fd0u1440 # mkdosfs -v -F16 /dev/fd0u1440 # man mkdosfs ~# dmesg | less and the hardware that was detected> ============================================================================== Peanut-Linux has SLIP/PPP/ISDN/Cable/DSL networking support...PPP.v2.4.1... Get the rpm-pppoe rpm from peanut rpms directory for DSL modem. ============================================================================== For SAMBA installlation, see 'support.htm' at the peanut website. Peanut has Xvnc, vnc server/client with desktopsharing frontend. You can use 'zmodem' over 'telnet' in minicom, for example. ~# mtelnet atdt"bbs.foo.com Connected... BBS zmodem ready to send... Zmodem will start automatically when called, zmodem can resume an interrupted download i.e. pick up where it left-off. To upload using X, Y, or Zmodem, press [ALT] S keys. Logoff BBS... NO CARRIER... Press Alt-Q to quit minicom. Leave Without Reset? = Yes ~# man minicom modemu rz sz If you connect to a BBS through 'telnet' while in or outside of 'lynx', you can use 'zmodem'. Connected to BBS... BBS zmodem ready to send... Press Ctrl ] ztelnet> set binary ztelnet> rz -v ztelnet> close Ztelnet also has a pipe command |, so you don't have to use the builtin zmodem, you can call a external zmodem program etc. ztelnet> set binary ztelnet> | rz -b -y ztelnet> close If you do 'settrans U' it will probably improve the ansi color when you're connecting to a BBS over telnet etc. ~# settrans U # ztelnet ztelnet> open bbs.foo.com ~# zgv /usr/temp/logo.gif If you want to use another keyboard key map other than the default one in the kernel = vmlinuz, you can load another one from the /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386 directory. gr = greek it = italian se-lat1 = swedish de = german etc. ~# loadkeys fr ~# kmapset You can put the line below in the /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap file, to have your chosen keymap loaded at boot time. loadkeys fr Peanut-Linux includes /lib/libvga.so.1.4.3, this is used to support various programs that require a graphics capable console e.g. screen savers, video games, jpeg-gif-mpeg viewers, etc. there are compiled elf versions of these programs that can be dropped into the system. Libvga.so.1.4.3 supports quite a few different graphic cards. =============================================================================== Try the script 'pppsetup' to connect to your service provider and establish a PPP connection or use GKDials graphical ppp setup. ~# pppsetup # ppp-go -c # ppp-off The 'pppsetup' script above should be enough to get your ppp connected to your service provider. If your service provider is using 'PAP' or 'CHAP' for authentication, when you run 'pppsetup' you have to answer "PAP/CHAP" and give your user-name and password. ~# ifconfig ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:105.207.127.86 P-t-P:205.252.116.61 Mask:255.0.0.0 If you want to make a SLIP or CSLIP connection, you can use the program dip for this, read the dip scripts in /usr/doc/dip. ~# dipsetup ~# modprobe slip ~# dip-go # dip -k # man dip Use the script 'fetch-setup' to setup 'fetchmail', the pop2, pop3, etc. mail client, just answer the questions user-name, password, etc. ~# fetchsetup Instead of using 'fetchsetup' above, use 'mnsetup' to setup fetchmail, mutt, and tin. ~# mnsetup # fetchmail # mutt If you get this message from fetchmail "Another foreground fetchmail is running at ?" do this to kill it. ~# killall fetchmail # fetchmail If you want fetchmail to run in the background = daemon mode, put this in your $HOME/.fetchmailrc file. set daemon 300 # fetchmail -d 300 ~# fetchmail -q If fetchmail or any program just hangs after you start it, do this. ~# fetchmail Hanging... Press Ctrl C ~# fetchmail The mail that 'fetchmail' retrieves, will be processed = sorted by 'procmail', based on guidelines it finds in the $HOME/.procmailrc file. $HOME is whatever you login as, if you login as root then $HOME is /root. # echo $HOME /root Sendmail is configured in the /etc/mail/sendmail.cf file, to pass incoming mail to '/usr/bin/procmail' for local delivery. To learn about the program procmail, read the docs in the /usr/doc/procmail directory. ~# man procmail tin rm ls lynx fetchmail irc etc. The bash shell has command recall, so you don't have to type in a command again, just press the [Up] or [Down]-arrow-key to recall a command. If you have any 'zombie' processes, do this to remove them. ~# ps x koo ~# pstree -p foo(346)-+-boo(350)---koo(357) ~# kill -9 350 You don't have to go all the way back unless you want to, just kill the parent of the zombie process, not the parent of the parent. If the terminal gets messed up for whatever reason, do this to restore it. ~# reset Even if you can't see what you're typing in, you can still type in reset and press enter. (Where did all my terminals go?. Virtual Terminals.) You can change consoles by pressing left-[Alt] and [Up]-arrow-key, plus your 'passwd', then left-[Alt] F1 - F12 to go back. There are 12 consoles on Peanut-Linux, you can download something in one and do something else in another etc. ~# less file.txt # less file.gz # lynx file.html [Installing Packages] # mc (To get help> [F1] (Extract Menu: zip deb rpm slp tar.gz tar.bz2 lha rar arj> [F2] (To read a file> [F3] (The builtin editor "mcedit" will be used> (To edit a file> [F4] (To copy a file> [F5] (To move or rename a file> [F6] (To delete> [F8] (To quit mc> [F10] [Glibc3.3.4] You can install pre-compiled Debian.deb, Redhat.i386.rpm, Stampede.slp, Slackware, Mandrake & S.u.S.E etc.. packages in Peanut-Linux. [F3] You can see the contents of these archives in 'mc' by pressing [ENTER] on them. ?.rpm ?.deb ?.slp ?.tar.gz ?.tgz ?.tar.Z ?.tar.bz2 ?.bz2 ?.gz ?.Z ?.zip ?.arj ?.lha ?.rar ~# free # top # df ================================================================================ Xitmai WEB Server Daemon (Ftp/HTTP server). GUI Setup. ------------------------------------------------------ Xitami & Telnet Daemons are turned on by default at bootup time! /home > xitami -s. You'll also wanna change the Admin login and password for the server by doing this: cd /home > xiconfig and to use the graphical setup, bootup KDE (X11), open Netscape and point your browser at: http://localhost/admin http://hostname/admin http://127.0.0.1/admin . Login as 'foo' and 'bar'. ftp://127.0.0.1 or ftp://upload:upload@127.0.0.1 will allow uploads to /upload. This server is FREE from Xitami closely resembles 'Zeus' Web-Server that sells for $2000 bucks. Xitami is multi threaded, secure, light weight and very fast. =============================================================================== Use Midnight Commander 'mc' to unpack and install, remove packages, but here is how to do it manually. ~# tar xzvf package.tar.gz -C # tar xjvf package.tar.bz2 -C # tar xvf package.tar # unzip package.zip # unarj x package.arj # unrar x package.rar # lha x package.lha # gzip -d package.gz # rpm -uhf package.rpm # undeb package.deb ~# file /bin/bash /bin/bash: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1, dynamically linked, stripped $ ldd bash linux-gate.so.1 => (0xffffe000) libreadline.so.4 => /lib/libreadline.so.4 (0x40014000) libhistory.so.4 => /lib/libhistory.so.4 (0x4003e000) libncurses.so.5 => /lib/libncurses.so.5 (0x40045000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x4005f000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40063000) libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/libtinfo.so.5 (0x4014f000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000) Bash is linked with the above libraries, this means bash won't run without these libraries on the system. If you download a program and try to run it and it says "can't find lib.something?", this means you don't have a library required to run this program, you can forget about it or get that library and put it in: /lib/lib.something?. After you put it in /lib, run 'ldconfig -v' to link it up. Most unix programs you download will include a man page. Man pages usually have a .1-9 extension, for example: fooboo.1 You can put any man pages in the /usr/man/man1 - man9 directories. If it has a .1 extension it would go in man1 etc. You can read man pages like this. # man fooboo To unpack x.rpm, x.deb, and x.slp packages. ~# mc "Start the mc file-manager" Go to the directory that has the package. Have the package you want to extract highlighted. Press the [F2] key. Chose one of these options from the menu. deb Extract (x.deb) package rpm Extract (x.rpm) package slp Extract (x.slp) package package.i386.rpm package.src.rpm package.deb package.slp You can also extract these archive formats. # uudeview file # unshar file.shar # gzip -dc file.shar.gz | unshar Running 'defrag or scandisk' on your Dos/Win95/98/Me system will not harm Peanut Linux for UMSDOS users (support dropped as of kernel 2.6.x for unknown). =============================================================================== LILO Configuration. See /usr/doc/lilo. LiLo is a good reliable boot-loader that will bootup Win95/98, NT, XP, Windows Millennium, OS2, Linux etc.. To use the lilo boot-loader, first edit '/etc/lilo.conf', i have a few example settings there already to help you understand the way lilo reads the 'lilo.conf' file to boot various OS's. Just remove the '#'s from the partition you want lilo to know about. You can change the /dev/xxxx and the name to use eg. DOS to whatever you need and/or like. # liloconfig <-- Excellent script for setting up lilo, (Linux Boot Loader). You can use Linux's "exec activate /dev/xxxx" to make the Linux Partition active. Of course put the Partition you want active in place of /dev/'xxxx' Running 'liloconfig' should make the partition(s) active automaticaly, but to make sure. e.g exec activate device [Partition] /dev/hda1 - /dev/hda2 - /dev/hdb1 - /dev/hdc1 - /dev/sda1 etc.. You can also use /dev/'hda' or /'hdb' if all you're gonna use is Linux with no DOS/WIN Partitions but if you ever wanna un-install Linux I'd stick to just using the /dev/'hda1' or /dev/hdc1 as it will make life easier in the next transition back to Win-9x etc.. if there is one. WHY? If you use /dev/hda <-- writes to the MBR of your hardrive and DOS fdisk cannot remove the lilo image from there, which means just use a boot floppy and run Linux fdisk and remove with fdisk -U. If you use /dev/hda1 <--- writes to the master boot sector making it simpler to remove if you should ever need to. Plus you can use DOS's fdisk.exe and make what Partitions you want active for that week or so :o). If you're not sure, than i wouldn't recommend using lilo. Stick with the safe linld or the linux floppy boot disk to get into Peanut-Linux. Example: linld image=vmlinuz initrd=peanut.gz vga=ask "cl=root=/dev/ram0 rw hdb=scsi" Using linld as the boot loader. CD-Writing - CD-R For High Resolution add [vga=ask] to the end of your "linld" above. CD-Writing - CD-R For CD-R/W add [hdb=scsi] to the end of your "linld" above. If your using LILO just edit your /etc/lilo.conf; and uncomment the CD-R/W line then run 'lilo' once. Reboot. IF you did use lilo and for some reason you cannot boot into Linux through the hard drive then use the Peanut-Linux boot floppy and type at the 'boot' prompt: # linux root=/dev/hda1 ro Then correct what needs to be fixed and run '/sbin/lilo' again. If you have no clue to what's wrong it's probably just the /etc/lilo.conf file needs to be configured correctly. If you get a 'Sorry, cannot access device 0x0010' or similar to that, it means lilo cannot get the hard disks geometry settings. It's usually caused from large disks 10gb or more with DOS or Windows Partitions interphering with Linux. We're still investigating this: Update!,(it's fixed for peanut v7.5) Feb-21-00 =============================================================================== Agetty Consoles/Terminals How to open other consoles is with the left [ALT] and the [UP] Arrow keys plus your 'password'. Were using nice new program called 'open' that performs these tasks. If you prefer the old way: edit /etc/inittab scroll to bottom of file and remove the '#'s from the 4 other agetty lines and you can even add more if you like. ===============================================================================